For carbureted engines, mechanical fuel pumps are found and latch onto pressure systems delivering not a whole lot of pump, usually between 4-6 psi. Installed in many vehicles from the 1960s up through the early 1980s, they are essentially gone now. Because mechanical pumps are driven by the engine's camshaft, they flow in relation to engine speed. They were used in the American muscle cars of yesteryear, and stock pumps frequently supported engines capable of producing close to 300 horsepower.
In the case of fuel-injected engines, electric fuel pumps are more efficient than mechanical units and produce much higher pressure (40-60 psi) to make sure the high-pressure injectors deliver adequate fuel. New cars, specially people with fuel injection systems, use an electrical fuel pump since it remains working smoothly continually no matter what engine speed. As an example, the fuel pump on a 2015 Ford Mustang operates with pressures near 55 psi to ensure reliable operation when placed in high-performance applications. Electric fuel pumps are also more reliable with some designs even achieving 100,000 miles before needing servicing under normal driving conditions.
Inline fuel pumps are mounted external to the fuel tank, providing an adequate volume of high-pressure fuel flow for the larger displacement engines. These pumps are widely used in high power applications such as motor sports or other fuel delivery systems, these are also for suitability modifications. Their use in motorsport, like Formula 1 where fuel delivery needs to be spot on (and not break), is well documented. Inline pumps can output as much as 700 liters per hour (LPH), even more than what typical in-tank performance pumps, meaning it is a common choice among power-minded enthusiasts requiring better fuel system flow.
Vehicles typically feature in-tank fuel pumps that sit inside the gas tank; being immersed in fuel helps keep pump temps down and can reduce vapor lock. Rated at 250 to 340 LPH, they are capable of supporting engines upwards of 500 horsepower. Feed in-tank pumps from manufacturers like Walbro and AEM, produce between 300-450 LPH and are used when high flow rates are required. These in-tank pumps will feed injectors needed to supply fuel for a turbo or supercharger. In-tank pumps are also quieter, reducing noise for street applications compared to external pumps.
A dual fuel pump system, such as in some of our high-performance or forced induction applications, provides a secondary or additional source of fuel delivery to accommodate engine needs. These are found in more than 800 hp cars, and they make sure the activation of fuel delivery is stay constant even under the pressure of very few circumstances. Vehicles such as the Nissan GT-R and its 565-hp twin-turbo V-6 can also take advantage of dual pump fuel systems when tuned heavily.
Rotary vane pumps geared toward diesel applications operate via a different principle than traditional diaphragm and gear pumps. These pumps produce very high pressures which makes them suitable for diesel engines as the pressure may be in excess of 100 psi. It is commonly found in commercial vehicles and over-the-road applications where fuel economy, longevity and durablity demand. This applies particularly to stationary and long-haul trucking as the lifespan in miles of a rotary vane pump is often 150,000+ miles (242,000 km).
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